The working principle of a transformer is based on electromagnetic induction, which achieves the transformation of AC voltage, current, and impedance through magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils without changing the frequency.
When alternating current passes through the primary coil, alternating magnetic flux is generated in the iron core. This changing magnetic flux passes through the secondary coil, and according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an electromotive force is induced in the secondary coil, thereby achieving energy transfer from the primary side to the secondary side. The ratio of voltage transformation is determined by the turns ratio of two coils:
Among them, U1 and U2 are the primary and secondary side voltages, respectively, and N1 and N2 are the corresponding coil turns. If N2>N1, it is a step-up transformer; On the contrary, it is a step-down transformer.
The entire process does not require direct electrical connection, and energy is transmitted through a magnetic field. Therefore, the transformer also has electrical isolation function to enhance system safety.
